Texte original
Subpart A—General Provisions
§ 11.1 Scope.
(a) The regulations in this part set forth the criteria under which the agency considers electronic records, electronic signatures, and handwritten signatures executed to electronic records to be trustworthy, reliable, and generally equivalent to paper records and handwritten signatures executed on paper.
(b) This part applies to records in electronic form that are created, modified, maintained, archived, retrieved, or transmitted, under any records requirements set forth in agency regulations. This part also applies to electronic records submitted to the agency under requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Public Health Service Act, even if such records are not specifically identified in agency regulations. However, this part does not apply to paper records that are, or have been, transmitted by electronic means.
(c) Where electronic signatures and their associated electronic records meet the requirements of this part, the agency will consider the electronic signatures to be equivalent to full handwritten signatures, initials, and other general signings as required by agency regulations, unless specifically excepted by regulation(s) effective on or after August 20, 1997.
(d) Electronic records that meet the requirements of this part may be used in lieu of paper records, in accordance with § 11.2, unless paper records are specifically required.
(e) Computer systems (including hardware and software), controls, and attendant documentation maintained under this part shall be readily available for, and subject to, FDA inspection.
(f) This part does not apply to records required to be established or maintained by §§ 1.326 through 1.368 of this chapter. Records that satisfy the requirements of part 1, subpart J of this chapter, but that also are required under other applicable statutory provisions or regulations, remain subject to this part.
(g) This part does not apply to electronic signatures obtained under § 101.11(d) of this chapter.
(h) [Reserved]
(i) This part does not apply to records required to be established or maintained by part 117 of this chapter. Records that satisfy the requirements of part 117 of this chapter, but that also are required under other applicable statutory provisions or regulations, remain subject to this part.
(j) This part does not apply to records required to be established or maintained by part 507 of this chapter. Records that satisfy the requirements of part 507 of this chapter, but that also are required under other applicable statutory provisions or regulations, remain subject to this part.
(k) This part does not apply to records required to be established or maintained by part 112 of this chapter. Records that satisfy the requirements of part 112 of this chapter, but that also are required under other applicable statutory provisions or regulations, remain subject to this part.
(l) This part does not apply to records required to be established or maintained by subpart L of part 1 of this chapter. Records that satisfy the requirements of subpart L of part 1 of this chapter, but that also are required under other applicable statutory provisions or regulations, remain subject to this part.
(m) This part does not apply to records required to be established or maintained by subpart M of part 1 of this chapter. Records that satisfy the requirements of subpart M of part 1 of this chapter, but that also are required under other applicable statutory provisions or regulations, remain subject to this part.
[62 FR 13464, Mar. 20, 1997, as amended at 69 FR 71655, Dec. 9, 2004; 79 FR 71253, Dec. 1, 2014; 80 FR 71253, June 19, 2015; 80 FR 56144, 56336, Sept. 17, 2015; 80 FR 74352, 74547, 74667, Nov. 27, 2015]
EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: At 79 FR 71291, Dec. 1, 2014,§ 11.1 was amended by adding paragraph (h), effective Dec. 1, 2016. For the convenience of the user, the revised text is set forth as follows:
- 11.1 Scope.
(h) This part does not apply to electronic signatures obtained under § 101.8(d) of this chapter.
§ 11.2 Implementation.
(a) For records required to be maintained but not submitted to the agency, persons may use electronic records in lieu of paper records or electronic signatures in lieu of traditional signatures, in whole or in part, provided that the requirements of this part are met.
(b) For records submitted to the agency, persons may use electronic records in lieu of paper records or electronic signatures in lieu of traditional signatures, in whole or in part, provided that:
(1) The requirements of this part are met; and
(2) The document or parts of a document to be submitted have been identified in public docket No. 92S–0251 as being the type of submission the agency accepts in electronic form. This docket will identify specifically what types of documents or parts of documents are acceptable for submission in electronic form without paper records and the agency receiving unit(s) (e.g., specific center, office, division, branch) to which such submissions may be made. Documents to agency receiving unit(s) not specified in the public docket will not be considered as official if they are submitted in electronic form; paper forms of such documents will be considered as official and must accompany any electronic records. Persons are expected to consult with the intended agency receiving unit for details on how (e.g., method of transmission, media, file formats, and technical protocols) and whether to proceed with the electronic submission.
§ 11.3 Definitions.
(a) The definitions and interpretations of terms contained in section 201 of the act apply to those terms when used in this part.
(b) The following definitions of terms also apply to this part:
(1) Act means the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (secs. 201–903 (21 U.S.C. 321–393)).
(2) Agency means the Food and Drug Administration.
(3) Biometrics means a method of verifying an individual’s identity based on measurement of the individual’s physical feature(s) or repeatable action(s) where those features and/or actions are both unique to that individual and measurable.
(4) Closed system means an environment in which system access is controlled by persons who are responsible for the content of electronic records that are on the system.
(5) Digital signature means an electronic signature based upon cryptographic methods of originator authentication, computed by using a set of rules and a set of parameters such that the identity of the signer and the integrity of the data can be verified.
(6) Electronic record means any combination of text, graphics, data, audio, pictorial, or other information representation in digital form that is created, modified, maintained, archived, retrieved, or distributed by a computer system.
(7) Electronic signature means a computer data compilation of any symbol or series of symbols executed, adopted, or authorized by an individual to be the legally binding equivalent of the individual’s handwritten signature.
(8) Handwritten signature means the scripted name or legal mark of an individual handwritten by that individual and executed or adopted with the present intention to authenticate a writing in a permanent form. The act of signing with a writing or marking instrument such as a pen or stylus is preserved. The scripted name or legal mark, while conventionally applied to paper, may also be applied to other devices that capture the name or mark.
(9) Open system means an environment in which system access is not controlled by persons who are responsible for the content of electronic records that are on the system.
Subpart B—Electronic Records
§ 11.10 Controls for closed systems.
Persons who use closed systems to create, modify, maintain, or transmit electronic records shall employ procedures and controls designed to ensure the authenticity, integrity, and, when appropriate, the confidentiality of electronic records, and to ensure that the signer cannot readily repudiate the signed record as not genuine. Such procedures
and controls shall include the following:
(a) Validation of systems to ensure accuracy, reliability, consistent intended performance, and the ability to discern invalid or altered records.
(b) The ability to generate accurate and complete copies of records in both human readable and electronic form suitable for inspection, review, and copying by the agency. Persons should contact the agency if there are any questions regarding the ability of the agency to perform such review and copying of the electronic records.
(c) Protection of records to enable their accurate and ready retrieval throughout the records retention period.
(d) Limiting system access to authorized individuals.
(e) Use of secure, computer-generated, time-stamped audit trails to independently record the date and time of operator entries and actions that create, modify, or delete electronic records. Record changes shall not obscure previously recorded information. Such audit trail documentation shall be retained for a period at least as long as that required for the subject electronic records and shall be available for agency review and copying.
(f) Use of operational system checks to enforce permitted sequencing of steps and events, as appropriate.
(g) Use of authority checks to ensure that only authorized individuals can use the system, electronically sign a record, access the operation or computer system input or output device, alter a record, or perform the operation at hand.
(h) Use of device (e.g., terminal) checks to determine, as appropriate, the validity of the source of data input or operational instruction.
(i) Determination that persons who develop, maintain, or use electronic record/electronic signature systems have the education, training, and experience to perform their assigned tasks.
(j) The establishment of, and adherence to, written policies that hold individuals accountable and responsible for actions initiated under their electronic signatures, in order to deter record and signature falsification.
(k) Use of appropriate controls over systems documentation including:
(1) Adequate controls over the distribution of, access to, and use of documentation for system operation and maintenance.
(2) Revision and change control procedures to maintain an audit trail that documents time-sequenced development and modification of systems documentation.
§ 11.30 Controls for open systems.
Persons who use open systems to create, modify, maintain, or transmit electronic records shall employ procedures and controls designed to ensure the authenticity, integrity, and, as appropriate, the confidentiality of electronic records from the point of their creation to the point of their receipt. Such procedures and controls shall include those identified in § 11.10, as appropriate, and additional measures such as document encryption and use of appropriate digital signature standards to ensure, as necessary under the circumstances, record authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality.
§ 11.50 Signature manifestations.
(a) Signed electronic records shall contain information associated with the signing that clearly indicates all of the following:
(1) The printed name of the signer;
(2) The date and time when the signature was executed; and
(3) The meaning (such as review, approval, responsibility, or authorship) associated with the signature.
(b) The items identified in paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(2), and (a)(3) of this section shall be subject to the same controls as for electronic records and shall be included as part of any human readable form of the electronic record (such as electronic display or printout).
§ 11.70 Signature/record linking.
Electronic signatures and handwritten signatures executed to electronic records shall be linked to their respective electronic records to ensure that the signatures cannot be excised, copied, or otherwise transferred to falsify an electronic record by ordinary means.
Subpart C—Electronic Signatures
§ 11.100 General requirements.
(a) Each electronic signature shall be unique to one individual and shall not be reused by, or reassigned to, anyone else.
(b) Before an organization establishes, assigns, certifies, or otherwise sanctions an individual’s electronic signature, or any element of such electronic signature, the organization shall verify the identity of the individual.
(c) Persons using electronic signatures shall, prior to or at the time of such use, certify to the agency that the electronic signatures in their system, used on or after August 20, 1997, are intended to be the legally binding equivalent of traditional handwritten signatures.
(1) The certification shall be submitted in paper form and signed with a traditional handwritten signature, to the Office of Regional Operations (HFC–100), 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857.
(2) Persons using electronic signatures shall, upon agency request, provide additional certification or testimony that a specific electronic signature is the legally binding equivalent of the signer’s handwritten signature.
§ 11.200 Electronic signature components and controls.
(a) Electronic signatures that are not based upon biometrics shall:
(1) Employ at least two distinct identification components such as an identification code and password.
(i) When an individual executes a series of signings during a single, continuous period of controlled system access, the first signing shall be executed using all electronic signature components; subsequent signings shall be executed using at least one electronic signature component that is only executable by, and designed to be used only by, the individual.
(ii) When an individual executes one or more signings not performed during a single, continuous period of controlled system access, each signing shall be executed using all of the electronic signature components.
(2) Be used only by their genuine owners; and
(3) Be administered and executed to ensure that attempted use of an individual’s electronic signature by anyone other than its genuine owner requires collaboration of two or more individuals.
(b) Electronic signatures based upon biometrics shall be designed to ensure that they cannot be used by anyone other than their genuine owners.
§ 11.300 Controls for identification codes/passwords.
Persons who use electronic signatures based upon use of identification codes in combination with passwords shall employ controls to ensure their security and integrity. Such controls shall include:
(a) Maintaining the uniqueness of each combined identification code and password, such that no two individuals have the same combination of identification code and password.
(b) Ensuring that identification code and password issuances are periodically checked, recalled, or revised (e.g., to cover such events as password aging).
(c) Following loss management procedures to electronically deauthorize lost, stolen, missing, or otherwise potentially compromised tokens, cards, and other devices that bear or generate identification code or password information, and to issue temporary or permanent replacements using suitable, rigorous controls.
(d) Use of transaction safeguards to prevent unauthorized use of passwords and/or identification codes, and to detect and report in an immediate and urgent manner any attempts at their unauthorized use to the system security unit, and, as appropriate, to organizational management.
(e) Initial and periodic testing of devices, such as tokens or cards, that bear or generate identification code or password information to ensure that they function properly and have not been altered in an unauthorized manner.
Subpart A—General Provisions
§ 11.1 Scope.
Regulation |
Interprétation |
(a) The regulations in this part set forth the criteria under which the agency considers electronic records, electronic signatures, and handwritten signatures executed to electronic records to be trustworthy, reliable, and generally equivalent to paper records and handwritten signatures executed on paper.
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Le but du 21 CFR Part 11 est de s’assurer que les enregistrements électroniques et les signatures électroniques sont équivalents aux enregistrements papiers et signatures manuelles. |
(b) This part applies to records in electronic form that are created, modified, maintained, archived, retrieved, or transmitted, under any records requirements set forth in agency regulations. This part also applies to electronic records submitted to the agency under requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Public Health Service Act, even if such records are not specifically identified in agency regulations. However, this part does not apply to paper records that are, or have been, transmitted by electronic means.
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Tous les enregistrements électroniques qui sont susceptibles d’être soumis à la FDA sont soumis au 21 CFR Part 11.
Clarification : Un document papier qui est transmis de manière électronique n’est pas soumis au 21 CFR Part 11 (par exemple : un scan de document papier). |
(c) Where electronic signatures and their associated electronic records meet the requirements of this part, the agency will consider the electronic signatures to be equivalent to full handwritten signatures, initials, and other general signings as required by agency regulations, unless specifically excepted by regulation(s) effective on or after August 20, 1997.
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Si une organisation peut prouver via une validation de son système informatique que les enregistrements électroniques et les signatures électroniques suivent le 21 CFR Part 11, les signatures électroniques seront considérées comme équivalentes aux signatures papier.
Exception : si une autorité spécifiquement requiert les signatures manuelles, le 21 CFR Part 11 ne s’applique plus.
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(d) Electronic records that meet the requirements of this part may be used in lieu of paper records, in accordance with § 11.2, unless paper records are specifically required.
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Si une organisation peut prouver que ses enregistrements électroniques sont conformes au 21 CFR Part 11, la FDA acceptera les enregistrements électroniques à la place des enregistrements papier. |
(e) Computer systems (including hardware and software), controls, and attendant documentation maintained under this part shall be readily available for, and subject to, FDA inspection.
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La validation des systèmes informatiques (hardware et software) doit être disponibles pour inspection par la FDA. |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
(f) This part does not apply to records required to be established or maintained by §§ 1.326 through 1.368 of this chapter. Records that satisfy the requirements of part 1, subpart J of this chapter, but that also are required under other applicable statutory provisions or regulations, remain subject to this part.
(g) This part does not apply to electronic signatures obtained under § 101.11(d) of this chapter.
(h) [Reserved]
(i) This part does not apply to records required to be established or maintained by part 117 of this chapter. Records that satisfy the requirements of part 117 of this chapter, but that also are required under other applicable statutory provisions or regulations, remain subject to this part.
(j) This part does not apply to records required to be established or maintained by part 507 of this chapter. Records that satisfy the requirements of part 507 of this chapter, but that also are required under other applicable statutory provisions or regulations, remain subject to this part.
(k) This part does not apply to records required to be established or maintained by part 112 of this chapter. Records that satisfy the requirements of part 112 of this chapter, but that also are required under other applicable statutory provisions or regulations, remain subject to this part.
(l) This part does not apply to records required to be established or maintained by subpart L of part 1 of this chapter. Records that satisfy the requirements of subpart L of part 1 of this chapter, but that also are required under other applicable statutory provisions or regulations, remain subject to this part.
(m) This part does not apply to records required to be established or maintained by subpart M of part 1 of this chapter. Records that satisfy the requirements of subpart M of part 1 of this chapter, but that also are required under other applicable statutory provisions or regulations, remain subject to this part.
[62 FR 13464, Mar. 20, 1997, as amended at 69 FR 71655, Dec. 9, 2004; 79 FR 71253, Dec. 1, 2014; 80 FR 71253, June 19, 2015; 80 FR 56144, 56336, Sept. 17, 2015; 80 FR 74352, 74547, 74667, Nov. 27, 2015]
EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: At 79 FR 71291, Dec. 1, 2014,§ 11.1 was amended by adding paragraph (h), effective Dec. 1, 2016. For the convenience of the user, the revised text is set forth as follows: § 11.1 Scope. (h) This part does not apply to electronic signatures obtained under § 101.8(d) of this chapter.
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Il existe quelques exceptions au 21 CFR Part 11 parce que d’autres spécifications s’appliquent. |
§ 11.2 Implementation.
Regulation |
Interprétation |
(a) For records required to be maintained but not submitted to the agency, persons may use electronic records in lieu of paper records or electronic signatures in lieu of traditional signatures, in whole or in part, provided that the requirements of this part are met.
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Pour les données qui ne sont pas soumises à la FDA, l’organisme peut utiliser des enregistrements et signatures électroniques à la place (ou en plus) des enregistrements et signatures papiers, aussi longtemps qu’il prouve que les enregistrements électroniques respectent le 21 CFR Part 11. |
(b) For records submitted to the agency, persons may use electronic records in lieu of paper records or electronic signatures in lieu of traditional signatures, in whole or in part, provided that:
(1) The requirements of this part are met; and
(2) The document or parts of a document to be submitted have been identified in public docket No. 92S–0251 as being the type of submission the agency accepts in electronic form. This docket will identify specifically what types of documents or parts of documents are acceptable for submission in electronic form without paper records and the agency receiving unit(s) (e.g., specific center, office, division, branch) to which such submissions may be made. Documents to agency receiving unit(s) not specified in the public docket will not be considered as official if they are submitted in electronic form; paper forms of such documents will be considered as official and must accompany any electronic records. Persons are expected to consult with the intended agency receiving unit for details on how (e.g., method of transmission, media, file formats, and technical protocols) and whether to proceed with the electronic submission.
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Pour les données qui sont soumises à la FDA, l’organisation peut utiliser les enregistrements et les signatures électroniques à la place des enregistrements et signatures papier aussi longtemps qu’il prouve que ces 2 conditions sont respectées :
- Les enregistrements électroniques respectent le 21 CFR Part 11.
- La FDA et capable d’accepter le format de document fournis.
Les types de formats que la FDA accepte sont listés dans le « Public docket N 92S-0251 ».
Si le moindre doute existe sur un format de données qui pourrait être soumis à la FDA, il est conseillé de contacter la FDA avant soumission. |
§ 11.3 Definitions.
Regulation |
Interprétation |
(a) The definitions and interpretations of terms contained in section 201 of the act apply to those terms when used in this part.
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Certains termes qui sont définis dans le « Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act » sont utilisés dans le 21 CFR Part 11. |
(b) The following definitions of terms also apply to this part:
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Les définitions suivantes s’appliquent: |
(1) Act means the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (secs. 201–903 (21 U.S.C. 321–393)).
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Act: Contraction de “Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act”. |
(2) Agency means the Food and Drug Administration.
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Agency: Contraction de “Food and Drug Administration”. |
(3) Biometrics means a method of verifying an individual’s identity based on measurement of the individual’s physical feature(s) or repeatable action(s) where those features and/or actions are both unique to that individual and measurable.
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Biometrics: Méthode permettant de vérifier l’identité d’un individu via une caractéristique physique unique (par exemple : empreintes digitales) ou une action répétable (par exemple : l’écriture manuscrite). |
(4) Closed system means an environment in which system access is controlled by persons who are responsible for the content of electronic records that are on the system.
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Closed system – Système fermé : Environnement informatique dont les accès au système sont contrôlés par les personnes responsables du contenu des données électroniques. |
(5) Digital signature means an electronic signature based upon cryptographic methods of originator authentication, computed by using a set of rules and a set of parameters such that the identity of the signer and the integrity of the data can be verified.
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Digital signature – Signature digitale : C’est un type de signature électronique qui inclus une façon de vérifier l’identité du signataire, la validité de la signature et l’intégrité des enregistrements générés. |
(6) Electronic record means any combination of text, graphics, data, audio, pictorial, or other information representation in digital form that is created, modified, maintained, archived, retrieved, or distributed by a computer system.
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Electronic record – Enregistrement électronique : Information sous forme digitale qui est crée ou utilisée d’une manière ou d’une autre par un système informatisé. |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
(7) Electronic signature means a computer data compilation of any symbol or series of symbols executed, adopted, or authorized by an individual to be the legally binding equivalent of the individual’s handwritten signature.
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Electronic signature – Signature électronique : Série de symboles qui sont uniques et légalement équivalent aux signatures manuscrites et qui sont utilisées dans les systèmes informatisés pour signer des enregistrements. |
(8) Handwritten signature means the scripted name or legal mark of an individual handwritten by that individual and executed or adopted with the present intention to authenticate a writing in a permanent form. The act of signing with a writing or marking instrument such as a pen or stylus is preserved. The scripted name or legal mark, while conventionally applied to paper, may also be applied to other devices that capture the name or mark.
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Handwritten signature – Signature manuscrite : Nom ou imposition légal manuscrite crée par un individu et qui est unique et qui est utilisé pour authentifier un document. |
(9) Open system means an environment in which system access is not controlled by persons who are responsible for the content of electronic records that are on the system.
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Open system – Système ouvert : Environnement informatique dont les accès au système ne sont pas contrôlés par les personnes responsables du contenu des données électroniques. |
Subpart B—Electronic Records
§ 11.10 Controls for closed systems.
Regulation |
Interprétation |
Persons who use closed systems to create, modify, maintain, or transmit electronic records shall employ procedures and controls designed to ensure the authenticity, integrity, and, when appropriate, the confidentiality of electronic records, and to ensure that the signer cannot readily repudiate the signed record as not genuine. Such procedures and controls shall include the following:
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Les personnes qui utilisent des systèmes fermés pour créer, maintenir ou transmettre des enregistrements électroniques doivent utiliser des procédures et des contrôles (liste ci-dessous) pour permettre : · L’authenticité · L’intégrité · La confidentialité (si applicable) · Irréfutabilité (impossible de réfuter l’authenticité des données) des enregistrements électroniques (de leur création à leur expiration). |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
Réponse(s) Safyr |
(a) Validation of systems to ensure accuracy, reliability, consistent intended performance, and the ability to discern invalid or altered records.
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Validation : comment une organisation prouve (à elle-même et aux auditeurs) que les données d’un système informatique répondent à l’ensemble des points ci-dessus. Il doit y avoir un moyen de discerner les données invalides ou altérées.
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An Initial Validation dossier is available for the System |
The system Implementation / Validation dossier includes URS |
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The system Implementation / Validation dossier includes updated technical & functional specifications |
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The system Implementation / Validation dossier includes a documented risk assessment |
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A periodic Validation process is applied to the System |
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A Backup & restore SOP is available for the System |
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A Data archival & retrieval SOP is available for the System |
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The System is able to discern invalid or altered data |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
Réponse(s) Safyr |
(b) The ability to generate accurate and complete copies of records in both human readable and electronic form suitable for inspection, review, and copying by the agency. Persons should contact the agency if there are any questions regarding the ability of the agency to perform such review and copying of the electronic records.
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L’organisation doit s’assurer que tous les enregistrements électroniques qu'un auditeur pourrait vouloir voir peut être fourni dans une langue / format qui les humains (pas seulement les ordinateurs) peuvent comprendre. |
The System is able to discern invalid or altered data |
Electronic records are printable |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
Réponse(s) Safyr |
(c) Protection of records to enable their accurate and ready retrieval throughout the records retention period.
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Stockage de documents et conservation des enregistrements : l'organisation protège la documentation et la conserve facilement disponible aussi longtemps que nécessaire. |
The Back-up process has been tested |
The infrastructure supporting the system has been qualified |
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The Restore process has been tested |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
Réponse(s) Safyr |
(d) Limiting system access to authorized individuals.
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Accès au système : comment une organisation veille à ce que les bonnes personnes ont accès à chaque système informatique. |
A User access SOP is available for the System |
Access to the system is controlled (ID & Pwd, Card or key, biometrics…) |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
Réponse(s) Safyr |
(e) Use of secure, computer-generated, time-stamped audit trails to independently record the date and time of operator entries and actions that create, modify, or delete electronic records. Record changes shall not obscure previously recorded information. Such audit trail documentation shall be retained for a period at least as long as that required for the subject electronic records and shall be available for agency review and copying.
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Audit Trails : L’organisation doit s’assurer de l'historique complet d'un enregistrement électronique. L’enregistrement doit être automatiquement capturé par le système informatique, conservé dans le système pendant la bonne durée de temps, et disponible sous format lisible (par les humains). |
The System maintains an audit-trail for the creation, modification and deletion of electronic records |
The audit trail cannot be modified |
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The audit trail may be retrieved throughout the record retention period |
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Audit trails may be printed |
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Audit trails may be exported under a non-proprietary electronic format (pdf, xls…) |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
Réponse(s) Safyr |
(f) Use of operational system checks to enforce permitted sequencing of steps and events, as appropriate.
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Workflows : Renforcements des systèmes opérationnelles pour permettre des vérifications à chaque étape/évènements (si applicable). |
If the system has a direct and significant impact on Quality (for example: production steps in an automated system), the system enforces the sequence of process steps as per cGMP and/or the applicable SOP |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
Réponse(s) Safyr |
(g) Use of authority checks to ensure that only authorized individuals can use the system, electronically sign a record, access the operation or computer system input or output device, alter a record, or perform the operation at hand.
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S’assurer que seuls les individus autorisés ont accès au système (utilisation, signature, accès aux systèmes informatiques physiques, modifications des enregistrements ou modifications manuelles) |
The System provides several levels of access rights (e.g. Operator level, Manager level, Admin level…) |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
Réponse(s) Safyr |
(h) Use of device (e.g., terminal) checks to determine, as appropriate, the validity of the source of data input or operational instruction.
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Vérification des équipements : Tous les équipements doivent aussi être validés pour s’assurer de leur bon fonctionnement. |
If electronic data may come from several sources, the system checks that data and commands are sent only via authorized devices |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
Réponse(s) Safyr |
(i) Determination that persons who develop, maintain, or use electronic record/electronic signature systems have the education, training, and experience to perform their assigned tasks.
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Qualification du personnel : Tous les individus qui font partie du processus de génération de données électroniques doivent avoir |
Training of developers has been evaluated |
Training of persons maintaining the System has been evaluated and/or corresponding training records are available |
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User training records are available |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
Réponse(s) Safyr |
(j) The establishment of, and adherence to, written policies that hold individuals accountable and responsible for actions initiated under their electronic signatures, in order to deter record and signature falsification.
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Responsabilité des individus : L’organisation doit mettre en place des règles pour insister sur la responsabilité des individus dans leurs actions impliquant des enregistrements électroniques (actions à faire et à ne pas faire). |
Mise en place d’une politique de responsabilisation. An SOP for Electronic Signatures is applicable across the Organization |
Regulation |
Interprétation |
Réponse(s) Safyr |
(k) Use of appropriate controls over systems documentation including:
(1) Adequate controls over the distribution of, access to, and use of documentation for system operation and maintenance.
(2) Revision and change control procedures to maintain an audit trail that documents time-sequenced development and modification of systems documentation.
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Contrôle de la documentation : L’organisation doit avoir les procédures nécessaires pour l’utilisation du système informatisé. Elle doit aussi avoir une gestion documentaire en place.
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An SOP is available for managing the documentation pertaining to system operation and maintenance |
An SOP for system maintenance and/or a maintenance contract is/are available |
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An SOP is available for using the System |
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Changes made to the System are ruled by a Change Control SOP |
§ 11.30 Controls for open systems.
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Persons who use open systems to create, modify, maintain, or transmit electronic records shall employ procedures and controls designed to ensure the authenticity, integrity, and, as appropriate, the confidentiality of electronic records from the point of their creation to the point of their receipt. Such procedures and controls shall include those identified in § 11.10, as appropriate, and additional measures such as document encryption and use of appropriate digital signature standards to ensure, as necessary under the circumstances, record authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality.
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Les personnes qui utilisent des systèmes ouverts pour créer, maintenir ou transmettre des enregistrements électroniques doivent utiliser des procédures et des contrôles (comme dans le §11.10) pour permettre : · L’authenticité · L’intégrité · La confidentialité (si applicable) · Irréfutabilité (impossible de réfuter l’authenticité des données) des enregistrements électroniques (de leur création à leur expiration). Des mesures additionnelles doivent être mises en place pour assurer l’ensemble des points mentionnés ci-dessus.
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Si des enregistrements électroniques sont envoyés hors de l'infrastructure Safyr (ex: système ouvert), le système garanti par des méthodes cryptées l'intégrité, l'authenticité et la confidentialité des données électroniques |
§ 11.50 Signature manifestations.
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(a) Signed electronic records shall contain information associated with the signing that clearly indicates all of the following:
(1) The printed name of the signer;
(2) The date and time when the signature was executed; and
(3) The meaning (such as review, approval, responsibility, or authorship) associated with the signature.
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Chaque fois qu'un enregistrement électronique est signé, les informations suivantes doivent être visibles et associées à la signature : · Nom imprimé du signataire · Date et heure de la signature · Signification de la signature (par exemple, le contenu est précis, le format est correct, les calculs de données ont été vérifiés) |
Les enregistrements électroniques doivent indiquer les éléments suivants: nom complet, date et heure et signification de la signature |
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(b) The items identified in paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(2), and (a)(3) of this section shall be subject to the same controls as for electronic records and shall be included as part of any human readable form of the electronic record (such as electronic display or printout).
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Les 3 éléments ci-dessus sont également applicables pour les enregistrements électroniques et ces éléments doivent être inclus dans toutes les formats humainement lisibles (par exemple impression, affichage à l’écran). |
Chaque document (impression et export) doit avoir les élèments suivants: nom date.. |
§ 11.70 Signature/record linking.
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Electronic signatures and handwritten signatures executed to electronic records shall be linked to their respective electronic records to ensure that the signatures cannot be excised, copied, or otherwise transferred to falsify an electronic record by ordinary means.
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Tout type de signature (encre ou électronique) exécutée sur un enregistrement électronique doit rester connecté à cet enregistrement pour toujours. Il ne peut pas être enlevé, recouvert, effacé, transféré, etc. |
Le système doit maintenir un lien permanent entre la signature électronique et les enregistrements associés. |
Subpart C—Electronic Signatures
§ 11.100 General requirements.
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(a) Each electronic signature shall be unique to one individual and shall not be reused by, or reassigned to, anyone else.
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Chaque personne doit avoir une signature électronique unique qui n'a jamais été et ne sera jamais utilisée par quelqu'un d'autre. |
Le système utilise un des aspects suivants (pour les signatures électroniques): code d'identification personnel et mdp,,, |
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(b) Before an organization establishes, assigns, certifies, or otherwise sanctions an individual’s electronic signature, or any element of such electronic signature, the organization shall verify the identity of the individual.
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Avant que quelqu'un ne puisse utiliser une signature électronique, son identité doit être vérifiée. |
Une vérification administrative de l’identité des utilisateurs est réalisées avant l’utilisation du système |
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(c) Persons using electronic signatures shall, prior to or at the time of such use, certify to the agency that the electronic signatures in their system, used on or after August 20, 1997, are intended to be the legally binding equivalent of traditional handwritten signatures.
(1) The certification shall be submitted in paper form and signed with a traditional handwritten signature, to the Office of Regional Operations (HFC–100), 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857.
(2) Persons using electronic signatures shall, upon agency request, provide additional certification or testimony that a specific electronic signature is the legally binding equivalent of the signer’s handwritten signature.
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Avant qu'une organisation implémente des signatures électroniques, elle doit notifier son intention à la FDA et lui indiquer qu'elle compte utiliser les signatures électroniques à un niveau juridiquement contraignant et autant que les signatures papiers.
La première étape du processus consiste à écrire et à poster à la FDA un courrier sur papier lettre signé à l’encre. |
Certification letter for using ES across the organization was sent to the Agency |
§ 11.200 Electronic signature components and controls.
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(a) Electronic signatures that are not based upon biometrics shall:
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Les signatures électroniques qui ne sont PAS biométriques (c’est-à-dire non-basée sur une caractéristique physique, comme une empreinte digitale) doivent suivre les règles suivantes : |
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(1) Employ at least two distinct identification components such as an identification code and password.
(i) When an individual executes a series of signings during a single, continuous period of controlled system access, the first signing shall be executed using all electronic signature components; subsequent signings shall be executed using at least one electronic signature component that is only executable by, and designed to be used only by, the individual.
(ii) When an individual executes one or more signings not performed during a single, continuous period of controlled system access, each signing shall be executed using all of the electronic signature components. |
Elles doivent, au minimum, avoir 2 identifications différentes (par exemple : ID et mot de passe) · La première fois qu’un utilisateur signe un enregistrement, le système doit imposer d’entrer tous les composants de la signature (par exemple ID et mots de passe). Les signatures suivantes qui ont lieu pendant la même session doivent imposer au moins un des composants. · Lorsqu’un utilisateur se déconnecte ou se reconnecte (par exemple après expiration du temps), le système doit imposer d’entrer tous les composants de la signature (par exemple ID et mots de passe). |
In an environment in which the operator remains at close proximity to the system, it is possible to sign electronically with the password alone, provided that the system forces the entry of both components : - at the beginning of each user session, - after a fixed delay of inactivity |
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(2) Be used only by their genuine owners; and
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Les signatures électroniques ne doivent être utilisées que par leurs propriétaires authentiques. |
Uniqueness of identification |
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(3) Be administered and executed to ensure that attempted use of an individual’s electronic signature by anyone other than its genuine owner requires collaboration of two or more individuals.
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Si la signature électronique d’un individu doit être utilisé par quelqu'un d’autre que le propriétaire authentique, le système doit obliger au moins deux personnes à travailler ensemble pour le faire. Exemple : un administrateur et le superviseur de la personne auraient besoin travailler ensemble pour utiliser la signature de l'individu (par exemple, l’individu a quitté l'entreprise, est en congé de maladie) et aucune solution alternative n’est disponible. |
An SOP for Electronic Signatures is applicable across the Organization |
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(b) Electronic signatures based upon biometrics shall be designed to ensure that they cannot be used by anyone other than their genuine owners.
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Les signatures électroniques biométriques (par exemple, empreinte digitales, scan rétinien) ne peuvent être utilisées que par leurs propriétaires authentiques. |
Uniqueness of identification
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§ 11.300 Controls for identification codes/passwords.
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Persons who use electronic signatures based upon use of identification codes in combination with passwords shall employ controls to ensure their security and integrity. Such controls shall include:
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Concernant les signatures électroniques qui font l’utilisation de codes (par exemple : ID, adresse email…) et mots de passe : les contrôles suivants doivent être mis en place : |
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(a) Maintaining the uniqueness of each combined identification code and password, such that no two individuals have the same combination of identification code and password.
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Deux utilisateurs ne peuvent avoir la même combinaison ID et mot de passe – chaque combinaison doit être unique – et chaque ID ne peut être assignée qu’à seul individu (pas de réutilisation autorisée). |
Uniqueness of identification and re-use of login impossible
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(b) Ensuring that identification code and password issuances are periodically checked, recalled, or revised (e.g., to cover such events as password aging).
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Les mots de passe doivent être vérifiés, rappelés ou modifiés périodiquement. |
"The system ensures that passwords expire periodically and need to be changed NB: not applicable for Systems using Physical devices for access control" |
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(c) Following loss management procedures to electronically deauthorize lost, stolen, missing, or otherwise potentially compromised tokens, cards, and other devices that bear or generate identification code or password information, and to issue temporary or permanent replacements using suitable, rigorous controls.
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Si un token/équipement est perdu ou volé, il doit être rendu inutilisable et un remplacement sécurisé doit être réalisé. |
An SOP for managing lost devices is available |
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(d) Use of transaction safeguards to prevent unauthorized use of passwords and/or identification codes, and to detect and report in an immediate and urgent manner any attempts at their unauthorized use to the system security unit, and, as appropriate, to organizational management.
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Les tentatives non-autorisées d'accéder à des identifiants d'utilisateur ou des mots de passe / codes doivent être détectés et rapportés à la personne / au groupe approprié dans l’organisation pour investigation. |
A monitoring is implemented for failed accesses to the System and, if applicable, failed Electronic Signature attempts |
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(e) Initial and periodic testing of devices, such as tokens or cards, that bear or generate identification code or password information to ensure that they function properly and have not been altered in an unauthorized manner.
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Les tokens/équipements doivent être testés avant d'être libéré pour utilisation. Ils doivent être périodiquement testés en cours d'utilisation pour s’assurer qu'ils fonctionnent correctement. |
An SOP for initial and periodic testing of devices is available |